Hydraulic jack.



NO. 867,997. PATENTED OCT. 15, 1907.: J.. w. NELSON' & W. H. MATHERS. HYDRAULIC JACK.

APPLICATION FILED 00'1.31, 1906. I

l/ Z1 Z1 F719;?! i a UNITED STATES 'PAfIlENT OFFICE.

JAMES W. NELso AND WILLIAMH. MATHERS, or ORK, N, Y. SAID MATHERS ASSIGNOR TO SAID NELsoN.

HYDRAULIC .rAoK.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented oet. 15, 1907.

Application filed October 31, 1906. Serial ll'o. 341,395.

' To all whom. it may c one (an:

of jack to-a wider range of usefulness, improving the manner of assembling the various parts to facilitate manufacture and subsequent repair or replacement of parts, and in fact, to decrease cost of construction without sacrifice of efiiciency, dependability or durability. We have more particularly in mind a type of jack in:

which 'the pump-blo'ck is located at the base of the ram and; isprovide d ..with an intake duct-.or bore located laterally of the main pump bore When the ordinary vertical type of jack is operated in its normal, vertical I I can obviously make no difference, so far as of the mouth of the intake duct 'is concerned, at what-point on the upper face of the pumpblock the mouth of this duct is locatedthe level of the liquid, if thc supply'is sufficient, always being above said mouth, which is, therefore, at all times submerged. But when it is desired to use this same jack in a horizontal position, the pumping lever being necessarily fixed inloc'ation inope side of the tool, which side must be'upwardly disposed in order to operate the pump, it

is" obviously desirable-if not frequently necessaryrod; the ram cylinder, which must obviously be secured to said head to form therewith a part or extension ofsaid chamber, the joint being hermetically sealed; and the pump-block, sealingthebase of the ram-cylinder and forming a part of the ram. Qf ogu igse, there are many ways in which these thge mein'bers may be set 'cured itogether, bui hayiiig' in view simplicity and econom nconstruction, perfectly tight joints, and great 3 gtli and rigidity it has been found that best results are obtained from screw-threading'and directly screwing togeth erhad and ram-cyIinderQand similarly securing ram-cylinder ahd-pump-block-wither directly 7 month of the intake ductbe locatedon the -10 ,erj ,de of the pump-block, so that it may 'beatall amof theordinary vertical type of jack, such these members themselves being screw-threaded for this purpose, or, preferably, indirectly, the pump-block ent that when head and ram-cylinder are firmlyp screwed together, the pump-lever socket, or'other pump-lever retaining means, will be definitely located in a fixed position with reference to these two now-rigid parts. It is well known that where two bodies are provided withexterior and interior screw-threads, for the purpose of securing them to catch other, it is impossible to so regulate or adjust the ends of the spiral or helical threads to determine in advance the relative positions of the two bodies when they have been tightly screwed together. Now, if it is impossible to determine in advance of assembling the, relative position of the pump:

blockwith reference to the ram-cylinder, it is equally impossible to determine, in jacks as heretofore constructed, the relative location of the mouth of the intake du'ct in the pump-block with reference to said ra1n-cylinder, and, therefore, with reference to the pump-leverwhether said pump-block is directly secured to or screwed into said ram-cylinder or is held in place byascrew-cap, as explained, it being obviously desirable that pump-lever and intake duct be located on opposite sides of the longitudinal axis of the jack. Furthermore, as there must invariably be a back-pressure valve in said intake duct, which valve should,-.in most cases, be under manual control and which is so controlled as a rule from a point fixed with referenceto the cylinder or the head, it will be similarly obviously d irable to provide controlling means for said valve -whi'ch willbe operable irrespective of the relative positionof said pump-block in said cylinder, and, therefore, the relative location of said 'duct and valve therein with reference to said fixed controlling means.

This'invontion is designed, primarily, to overcome the difficulties above set forth, and will be more readily understood by reference to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, wherein we 2- v Figure l is a central, verticalsection of an hydraulic jack embodying-our inventionyl ig. .2 is a transverse section, substantially on the line :z::c of Fig. l, the view being in the dircctionof the right-hand arrow; Fig. is a section on the same line, the view beingjn have shown a type of jack whichforms the subjectmatterof a copending application byJames W. NGI'. sonfalone, filed May 21, 1906, Serial Number 317,865,

and in which the'direction of the left-hand arrow; and Fig. 4,.is an enlarged perspective view of the ram-cylinder and pump-block, partly separated. .Fig. 5 is a diagrammatical sectional view showing possible variations in adjustment of parts, as hereinafter more fully described;

Referring now to the drawings in detail, we have shown a type of so-called vertical jacks, comprising a tubular or otherwise suitably bored body 5, secured to a base 6 and providing a pressure chamber 7 underneath the ram, which is slidable therein. The ram comprises three principal parts, the ram-cylinder 8, the head 9 and the pump-block 10. We have shown .the ram-cylinder 8 provided at its top witlrexterior screw-threads, meshing with interior threads in the lower part "of the head 9, whereby these members may not only be firmly and rigidly screwed together, but the union therebetween may be: liquid or water tight, the ram-cylinder 8 providing a continuation of the storage reservoir or chamber 11 for the liquid employed.' It will be apparent, however, that the cylinder 8 may be interiorly and the head 9 exteriorly threaded, ii desired,,or otherform of securing means be employed without'departingirom the spirit of our invention. I

' The pump-block 10 may obviously be directly screwed into the ram-cylinder 8, but we prefer that it be provided with a flange orannular shoulder 12, pro viding a stop which limits extent of insertion of the 'upper portion of said block in said cylinder, and which flange or shoulder maybe firmly held between theinteriorly-threaded apertured cap 13 and the exteriorly-tln'eaded end 14 .oi saidcylinder: This pump-block 10 is provided with a centrally located pump-bore' 15 which, for the purposes of this description, is shown of different diameters, corresponding to the diameters ,of the' two piston or pump heads 16 and 17 at the end oi the piston rod 18. It will be apparent, however, that dur invention is equally applicable to a construction employing a single piston in a bore of uniform diameter. In either case, the base of the pump-bore is closed, and the liquid supplied. from the reservoir 11 to the pump chamber or chambers by means of a separate bore 19, communicating with the chamber iorthe liquid, contains the means for reciprocating the pistonu'od l8 and the means for the manual control of the valves on the bore, 19. Both must be operated'from without the head,- and the operating means consists, in; the first case, in a suitable socket or other retaining means for a pump-lever, (not shown) operation of which rocks the shaft 20, and, in the second-case, in a hand-wh eel or similar device projecting from the head. It will be apparent that when the jack is used in -a verticalfposition, the location of either pumplever or hand-wheel is of small, if any,

importance, but that when the jack is used in a horizontal position, both pumping lever and hand-wheel should be located on the upper side oi the jack. lt will be similarly apparent that when the jack is used vertically, the location of the 'mouth oi the bore 19, on the interior face of the pump-block, is'oi no conscquence, this mouth always being submerged in the liquid which is to be drawn therethrough-so long as the supply is adequate for the operation oi the device.

If, however, the jack' is placed in a horizontal position, the liquid in the chamber 11, and the ram-cylinder extension thereof, may not, and after a certain amount of use undoubtedly would not, completely fill said extension. It is therefore most important that in such horizontal use of the jack, the mouth oi the bore or duct 19 be at all times below the l0\ el oi the liquid in the ram-cylinder extension oi the chamlicr 11. It is essential, therefore, in use of the jack in a horizontal position, that the bore 19 in the pumpblock 10 and the exterior operating means on the head 9 be located on opposite sides of the axis or the axial line of the ram. Now, each of these thrccprincipal parts or members of the ram is the subject of separate and independent manuiacture. The 1:\l1l(.ylil\tl0l 8, when completed, comprises nothing more than a tube provided with screw-threads at each end thcrcoi. The head 9 is threaded, and the location of the valve and pump operating means permanently iixcd prior,

to assembling of the parts of the ram. lhc pump; block 10 is similarly suitably formcd and bored prior to assembly, and in the manuiacturc, independently, of the pump-block 10 there is nothing to suggest or dc termine the proper location therein oi the supply-bore 19. The same is true of the location oi the exterior operating means on the head 9. Both pump-block and head are independently mounted on the raincylirider 8, and,,as it is impossible to determine in advance oi assembly the relative positions of two bodics screwed together, particularly after some use and more or less wear, the difiiculty oi positionally adjusting the head with reference to the pump-block, both being independently secured, directly or indirectly, to the ram-cylinder, will be apparent. In seeking to overcome these difficulties, we permit the positional relation between the head 9 and the ram-cylinder 8 to remain abitrary, so that the two may be trcatcd as an integral body, with the pump and valve operating means permanently fixed in location tlicl'crm. Downwardly projecting irom the low-or ond oi the ram-cylinder 8, we provide a pin 20, arbitrarily positioncd with respect to the circumference oi the cylinder. In the upper face of the flange onshouldcr 12 oi the pump-block l0, we provide four holes or sockcls 21 21, equidistantly disposed, or, in other words, 5011' aratcd from each other by arcs oi 90.

It will'bc noted that in advance of assembly thcrc is nothing to determine or suggest the proper location of the pin 20 in the end -of the cylinder 8. li lhcrc wcrc, then-as will subsequently appcar but ono holc or socket would be required in the flange or shoulder 12, and that one located on the side of said pump-block opposite to that in which llie bore 19 is located. Positional relationbetwccn'head and cylindcr, howcvcr, being non-predeterminable, the pin 20 is arbitrarily positioned in the end of the cylinder 8 and tho iour holes or sockets 21 21 are bored in the said collar 12. at equidistant points, without reference to the location of properly positioned to receive the pin 20 when said bore 19 is exactly in proper location, but there is sure to be one of said sockets within an arc of 45, on one side or the other, and by rotating said pump-block, in one direction or the other, through an arc of 45 or less, one of said sockets 21 may be brought underneath the pin 20 which is inserted therein, whereupon, when the cap 13 is tightly screwed in place, the parts of the ram ,will have been assembled with the mouth of the bore 19 in the pump-block and the operating means on the head relatively positioned to a degree of accuracy suflicient v for all practical purposes, I

It will be obvious that it is immaterial, so far as our invention is concernedwhether the pin 20.is in the endof the cylinder 8 with the holes or sockets 21in the flange 12 of the-pump-block 10, as shown and described, or whether said pin projects upwardly from said flange 12 with the holes or sockets in the end of the ram-cylinder. By reference to'Fig. 5, it may benoted that rotation of the pump-block in the cylinder 9 through an are not exceeding 45, will not greatly vary the elevation of the mouth of the bore 19 with respect to the base or bottom of the chamber. Therefore, if the supply of,

liquid is sufiicient for the operation of the jack, horizontally, under any conditions whatsoever, the mouth oi the bore 19may thus be made determinable in location ata point at all times below the level of the liquid.

With the same idea of proper positional adjustment in view, the control of valves in a bore the location of which is non-predeterminable from means the relative position of which is similarly indeterminate, is important. The ba'ck;prcssure valves 22, 23,24, in the bore 19, are independently automatic in action, operated for the main purpose by the direction (if fiow or pressure in said borc 1,9; in order to release the liquid in the ram or' pressure chamber 7, when it is desired to lower the ram or contract the expanded members of the jack, and permit the liquid to flow back into the reservoir 11, we have slidwn each of these valves provided with a controllingfstem, 25, 26, 27,respective1y, the last projecting above the interior face of the pump-block 10. Whon'itlis'f esired to lower, or contract, depression of l will trip the valve 24, which, upon conthe stern I tinned application of force, will, through the stem .26 of the valve-23'lrip the latter, which, in turn, will,

passage from pressure chamber to reservoir. (The means for manual operation of said valves should be located in the head 9, and preferably comprises a rotating shalt or stem 28 ,suitably journaled in the wall of" said head, andpiovidcd on the outside of .said head with means to jacilitate the rotation thereof, such as the hand-wheel 29, and on the inside withmeans, such as the cam 30, for varying the elevation of a member interposed between said meansand the valve stem 27. It will be apparent that were the positional relation between head and pump-block predeterminable, arod.

might serve as this interposed connecting member;

the axis of the ramthe ends thereof would register,

respectively, with the stem 27 and-the cam 30, or other power-transmitting part. We therefore provide a tubular membrBl, which, irrespective of rotati've position,

at all times contacts with the cam 30 and with the stem 27. This tubular member 31 is preferably inwardly effect at its lower end to provide a shoulder 32, between which and the-face of the pump-block a compression spring 33 acts to retain said member in its most elevated or inoperative position. Therefore, whatever may be the positional relation of head and pump-block, rotation of the hand-wheel 29 will always serve to force said tube 31 against the action of the spring 33 to unseat-said valves in regular succession. While we have shown this interposed member 31 in the form of a tube, it will be apparent that parts thereof may be cut away to braced against eachotherilm essential construction being an annular bearing part or member to receive the power and a similar part or member to apply-the same,

the particular manner in which these parts or members are rigidly connected being unimportant.

-Many modifications of details other than those mentioned of an hydraulic jackembodying our invention will doubtless readily suggest themselves to those skilled in the art'to which it appertains, and we thereforedo not desire to limit our invention to the specific construction herein shown and described.

Having thus described our invention, we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent:-

1. The combination, with a device of the class described having a ram comprising two members each independently secured to a third and at least :one thereof by means which does not in itself determine relative positions.- of means independent of the securing means for insuring a -predctermined positional relation between said two members irrespective of theposition of said third member.

The combination, with a device ,of the class described havinga ram comprising three members, "two thereof being each independently secured to the other in a manner which does not in itself determine relative positions, of means independent of the securing means for insuring a definite positional relaiion bet-ween said two members irrespective of the position of the member to which thevare secured. v p

3. The combination, with a device of the class described having a ram with a head and a pumpeach independently secured I thereto and at least one thereof in a manner whiehg'dbesimot in itself determine relative positions, of mennfsindep ident of .the securing means for establishing pwpredetermliilad positional relation between head and "pump irrospce through the stem 25,'trip the valve 22, thus holding all, of said valves off their respective seats and openilgg a,

e. of 'the position of theram.

4. The combination, with a device of the class described having a ram comprising a head rigidly secured thereto in nonpredetcrminable positional relation, :1 pump-block and means for securing said block in said ram by means gwhich does not in itself determine relative positions, of

means for establishing a predetermined positional relation between said head'and s'nid-pump-hlock when rigidly secured to said ram.- I

. 5. 'lhe combination, with a device of the class described having a ram comprising a head, rigidly secured thereto and n pump-block secured therein, the latter in a manner which does not in itself determine relative positions, of

means independent of the securing means for establishing j v a predetermined positional relation between said head'and said block.

I reduce weight, orit may consist of two rings properly (1 The combination, with a device of the class described having a ram cylinder, :1 head screwed thereto containing the pump-operating means, and a pump independently mounted in said cylinder and secured thereto in a manner which in itself does not determine relative positions, said pump having an in-take duct locatcd'laterally of the main pump-bore, of means independent of the securing means for insuring location of said duct and said'pump-operating mcans'on opposite sides of the axial line of the ram when the parts areassembled.

T. The combination, with a device of the class described having a ram-cylinder, a head secured thereto containing pump-operating means operable from one side of the axial line of said head, and a pump-block mounted within said cylinder and secured thereto in a manner which in itself does not determine positional relation, said pump-block having an in-take duct located laterally of the main pumpbore, and means'independent of the securing means for insuring location of said duct and said pump-operating means on opposite sides of said axial line when the parts are assembled.

8. The combination, with a device of the class described having a ram-cylinder,= a head rigidly secured thereto in non-predeterminable positional relation, said head containingpump-operating means operable from one side thereof. and a pump-block independently mounted in said cylinder and secured thereto in a manner which in itself does not determine positional relation, said pump-block having an in-take duct located laterally of the main pumpbore, of means independent of the securing means for insuring location of said ducton the side. of the agiial line of the ram opposite to-that from which the pump is operated.

9. The combination, with a device of the class described having a ram-cylinder, a head containing the pumpoperating means operable from "one side thereof, means for securing said head to said cylinder, 21 piimp having its intake duct located laterallyof the main pump-bore, and means for securing said pump in said cylinder, each of said securing means comprising a connection which in itself does not determine positional relation, of means for insuring location of said duct on a side of the-axial line of the ram opposite to that from which the pump is op.

-erated.

10. In a device of the class described, the combination of a ram-cylinder, a head screwed thereon, a pump-block fitting-into said cylinder, a retaining-member screwed to said cylinder and holding'said pump-block rigidly in place, and means for insuring a predetermined positional relation between said pump-block and said head.

11. In a device of the class described, the combination of a cylinder, a head screwed thereon, said 'head'being provided with means controlled from oneside thereof to operate the pump, a puinpblock fitting into said cylinder, a cap screwed to said cylinder between which and said cylinder said punlp block is rigidly held, and means for establishing a predetermined positional relation between said pump-block and said head.

12. In a device of the class described, the combination of a cylinder, a head screwed thereon, said head being provided with means controlled from one side thereof to operate the pump, a pump-block fitting into said cylinder and provided with an in-take duct located laterally of the main pump-bore. a cap screwed to said cylinder between which and said cylinder said pump-block is rigidly held. and means for insuring location of said in-take duct on a side of the axial line of said cylinder opposite to that from which the pump is operated.

13. In a device of the class described, the combination of a ram-cylinder having a head secured at one end thereof, a pumpblock fitting into the other end of said cylinder, :1 cap, means for connecting cap and cylinder to hold said pump-block firmly and rigidly therebei ween, and means for retaining said pump-block and said cylinder in definite positional relation during the operation of securing said cap.

14. In a device of the class described, the combination 'of a ram-cylinder, a head secured thereto in non-predcterminable positional relation, :1 pumpblock fitting into the other end of said cylinder, a cap, means [or connecting cap and cylinder to hold said pump-block firmly and rigidly therebetwcen, and means for retaining said pumpblock and said cylinder in definite positional relation during the operation of assembling the ports.

15. In a device of the class described, the combination of a ram-cylinder, a head secured thereto, a pump-block fitting into said cylinder, :1 screw-cap securing said pumpblock in said cylinder, and means for insuring a, predetermined positional relation between pump-block and cylinder.

16. In a device of the class described, the combination, with a ram comprising a cylinder, :1 head mounted thereon and a vpump secured therein, said pump being provided with a supply duct located laterally of the main pump bore andprovided with suitable valves and said head being provided with valve-operating means, oi. connecting means between said valves and said operating means eifective irrespective of the positional relation of headand pump.

17. In a device of the class described, the combination, with a ram comprising a cylinder, a head secured thereto innon-predeterminahle positional relation, and a pump mounted therein, said pump beihg provided with a valved supply duct located laterally of the main pump bore and said head being provided with permanently positioned valve-operating means, of connecting means between the valves and said operating means effective irrespective of l the positional relation of said head and said punip.

In testimony of the foregoing, we have hereunto set: our hands in the presence of two witnesses.

JAMES w. NnLsoN. WILLIAM H. MATHERS.

Witnesses:

M. B. GLEN, JAS. Moonn. 

